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Are Beta Cells Dead in Diabetes, or Are They Just Hiding?
People with diabetes do not make enough insulin to maintain normal glucose levels. Reasons for this are not obvious and remain the subject of much research. Because insulin is made by the beta cells of the pancreas, it was initially believed that beta cell death was the cause of reduced insulin production in both type...
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Beta Cell Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes
Pancreatic beta cells make insulin, a hormone that helps control blood sugar levels in the body. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disease in which these beta cells do not work properly and cannot release enough insulin to keep blood sugar at a healthy level. To release insulin, beta cells need energy. This energy...
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Why do insulin-producing beta cells stop working in type 2 diabetes?
Many people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are resistant to the effects of insulin. Their insulin-producing beta cells therefore need to work hard to produce enough insulin to overcome this resistance and maintain normal blood sugar or glucose levels. The work to produce insulin involves producing, folding, and cutting precursors of the insulin molecule. If...
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Diabetes and the Global Fight Against Chronic Illnesses
Diabetes isn’t just a personal health problem; it’s part of a huge global health challenge. When doctors look at Type 2 diabetes, they often see it connected to other conditions like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and weight gain around the middle—a group of problems called Metabolic Syndrome. Chronic Conditions Are Common About 44% of...
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Type 2 Diabetes: The “Perfect Storm”
Have you ever heard of a perfect storm? It’s when several bad weather conditions crash together at the exact same time, creating a huge disaster. Doctors often use this idea to describe how Type 2 diabetes develops in the body. Type 2 diabetes is a condition where your body has trouble controlling the amount of...
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What Are the Types of Insulin Therapy?
There are 2 broad types of insulin therapy. They are basal insulin, also called long-acting insulin, and meal-related or prandial or short-acting insulin. All insulins must be given by injection, because it cannot be absorbed through the intestines. Basal insulin is typically injected once or twice daily. There is also one type of basal insulin...